Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 3 4 2008 10 25 191 196 Kyomars Abbasi Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iman Abbasi Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naghmeh Moshtaghi Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent permanent arrhythmia. It may be associated with other cardiac pathologies which need surgical treatment. Various types of surgery including the traditional cut-sew operations and operations using different energy sources are currently in use. In comparison with medical treatment, surgery is safe, effective, and has reliable results. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/103 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/103/101