Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 8 1 2015 10 11 61 64 EN Seyed Hashem Sezavar-Seyedi-Jandaghi Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hesam Abdolhoseinpour Bou Ali Hospital, Tehran Medical Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Afshin Ghofraniha Laleh Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Navid Tofighirad Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Enseyeh Dogmehchi Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Goodarzynejad Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 As the major hazard of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV), cement extravasation into the venous system, systemic embolism, and spinal canal has been previously reported. However, to our knowledge, only one case of the arterial migration of cement has been previously reported that is directly associated with this technique without any symptom in the immediate post- intervention and in the follow-up period. An arterial embolus of cement occurred in a 46-year-old woman undergoing lumbar PV for breast cancer metastasis. Less than one hour later, the patient complained of severe pain and numbness in her left leg. A diagnosis of acute left leg ischemia due to the acute occlusion of the infrapopliteal arteries by the cement was made. Transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the infrapopliteal arteries was recommended because there were diffuse and long vessel involvements, leaving no distal targets for bypass vascular surgery. The patient's postoperative course was uncomplicated; the extremity tenderness and mottled skin were improved. A follow-up ultrasound 2 months later revealed an acceptable distal flow in the arteries of the affected limb, and the patient remained asymptomatic (except for a mild leg pain on exertion) at the one-year follow-up examination. In conclusion, PTA may save the limb from amputation in case of peripheral arterial embolism caused by cement during PV. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/284 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/284/277