Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 12 1 2017 03 05 15 22 EN Noor Mohammand Noori Children and Adolescents’ Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Iraj Shahramian Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Alireza Teimouri Children and Adolescents’ Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Behrooz Keyvani Children and Adolescents’ Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Maziar Mahjoubifard Children and Adolescents’ Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2017 02 11 2017 02 11 Background: Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood have a positive relationship with congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to assess the difference in serum cytokines levels between children with and without CHD. Methods: We recruited 60 patients with CHD and 30 healthy children, from 2013 to 2014. Patients with primary pulmonary hypertension; metabolic diseases; renal, endocrine, and chronic inflammatory diseases; fever; infection in the preceding 3 weeks; and malnutrition were excluded. Participants’ demographic data were measured, and their cardiac diseases were diagnosed via echocardiography. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18 were measured via ELISA. Results: Mean age of the participants was 4.28 ± 3.44, 3.12 ± 3.87, and 3.30 ± 3.61 years in the cyanotic, acyanotic, and control groups, respectively (p value = 0.414). Mean values of TNF-α (p value < 0.001), IL-6 (p value < 0.001), IL-18 (p value = 0.030), right ventricular pressure (p value < 0.001), and pulmonary pressure (p value = 0.015) were higher in the case group, while the BMI was higher in the controls (p value < 0.001). Mean values of TNF-α (p value < 0.001), IL-6 (p value < 0.001), and right ventricular pressure (p value < 0.001) were significantly higher in the cyanotic children, whereas the BMI was higher in the controls (p value < 0.001). Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 had significant correlations with right ventricular pressure.  Conclusion: The present study showed a differed serum cytokines levels between children with and without CHD. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/673 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/673/521