Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 13 3 2018 07 15 132 135 EN Mahshid Talebi-Taher Rasool-e-Akram General Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Batool Naghavi Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shokoufeh Hajsadeghi Rasool-e-Akram General Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Aida Iranpour Department of Internal medicine, Firoozabadi General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mahdai Pahlavani Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 2017 10 22 2018 03 10 Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare medical condition. Suppurative thrombophlebitis of the IVC is even a more uncommon subtype of IVC thrombosis and is mostly associated with IVC filters or venous catheters. We describe a 66-year-old man with persistent fever and history of pyonephrosis secondary to transurethral lithotripsy 1 month before recent admission. Computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen revealed a filling defect in the IVC protruding into the right atrium. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed a large mass at the origin of the IVC entering into the right atrium, suggestive of a clot. Diagnosis of suppurative thrombophlebitis of the IVC secondary to a retroperitoneal abscess was made, and intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks without anticoagulation conferred ample thrombus resolution. Follow-up TEE in week 16 showed no residual thrombus in the IVC. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/796 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/796/795