Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 177 177 Sylwia Ufnalska Member of the European Association of Science Editors Council, Poland 2015 10 03 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/221 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/221/219

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 178 178 Ian Roberts Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. 2015 10 03 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/222 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/222/220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 179 186 Reza Forough Bellevue College, Science Division, Bellevue, WA, USA. Catherine Scarcello Bellevue College, Science Division, Bellevue, WA, USA. Matthew Perkins Bellevue College, Science Division, Bellevue, WA, USA. 2015 10 03 Historically, biomarkers have been used in two major ways to maintain and improve better health status: first, for diagnostic purposes, and second, as specific targets to treat various diseases.  A new era in treatment and even cure for the some diseases using reprograming of somatic cells is about to be born. In this approach, scientists are successfully taking human skin cells (previously considered terminally-differentiated cells) and re-programming them into functional cardiac myocytes and other cell types in vitro.  A cell reprograming approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will revolutionize the field of medicine and significantly expand the human lifetime. Availability of a comprehensive catalogue for cardiac biomarkers is necessary for developing cell reprograming modalities to treat cardiac diseases, as well as for determining the progress of reprogrammed cells as they become cardiac cells.  In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of the cardiac biomarkers currently known. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/223 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/223/221

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 187 192 Bahieh Moradi Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Majid Maleki Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Esmaeilzadeh Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hooman Bakhshandeh Abkenar Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 Background: Despite the positive impact of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on quality of life and mortality, the majority of people who could benefit from this program fail to participate in it. The lack of referral from the physician is a common reason that patients give for not seeking CR. The objective of this study was to compare factors affecting CR referral by cardiologists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 122 cardiologists, including 89 general cardiac specialists and 33 fellows in cardiology from 11 major cardiology training centers in Iran, was done in 2010. They responded to the 14- item investigator-generated survey, examining the physician’s attitudinal and knowledge factors affecting CR referral. Results: 47.9% of the subjects reported having available CR centers but only 6.6% reported continuous medical education on the topic. 90.7% of the physicians reported that less than 15% of patients are referred to CR centers. The main factor affecting the low referral rate was limited general knowledge about CR programs (79.5%) such as program attributes and benefits, methods of reimbursement. Lack of insurance coverage, unavailability of CR centers in the community and low physicians’ fee were other factors reported by the physicians. Conclusion: Cardiologists’ inadequate general knowledge of and attitude toward CR programs seem to be a potential threat for cardiac prevention and rehabilitation in some societies. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/224 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/224/222

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 193 201 Mahdi Montazeri Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrnaz Rezvanfard Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Kazemisaeid Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoumeh Lotfi Tokaldany Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azam Safir Mardanloo Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzad Darabi Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hakimeh Sadeghian Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 Background: Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony is a prevalent feature in heart failure (HF) patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of inter and intraventricular dyssynchrony in HF patients with regard to the QRS duration and etiology. Methods: The available data on the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of 230 patients with refractory HF were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the QRS duration: QRS duration < 120 ms; 120-150 ms; and ≥ 150 ms and the patients were re-categorized into two subgroups depending on the underlying etiology: ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The time-to-peak myocardial sustained systolic velocity (Ts) in six basal and six middle segments of the LV was measured manually using the velocity curves from TDI. LV dyssynchrony was defined as interventricular mechanical delay ≥ 40 ms and tissue Doppler velocity all segments delay ≥ 105 ms; standard deviation (SD) of all segments ≥ 34.4 ms; basal segments delay ≥ 78 ms; SD of basal segments ≥ 34.5 ms; and opposing wall delay ≥ 65 ms. Results: After adjustment for the possible confounders, interventricular dyssynchrony was more prevalent in the patients with QRS duration ≥ 150 ms than in those with QRS duration 120-150 ms and < 120 ms. The patients with DCM also had a higher percentage of interventricular dyssynchrony than those with ICM in the wide QRS groups. Turning to the intraventricular dyssynchrony indices, the patients with QRS duration ≥ 150 ms and 120-150 ms revealed a significantly greater delay between Ts at the basal and all segments than did those with QRS duration < 120 ms, while etiology did not influence the frequency of these indices in each QRS group. Conclusion: The prevalence of both inter and intraventricular dyssynchrony indices was greater in the patients with wide QRS than in those with narrow QRS duration. The underlying etiology may affect the frequency of interventricular but not intraventricular dyssynchrony indices. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/225 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/225/223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 202 205 Akbar Molaei Shaheed Rajaiee Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Merajie Shaheed Rajaiee Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hodjjat Mortezaeian Shaheed Rajaiee Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Elaheh Malakan Rad Shaheed Rajaiee Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rahele Haji Heidar Shemirani Shaheed Rajaiee Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 Background: Optimal timing and mode of treatment for patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA) remain controversial, particularly in children. Surgery, balloon dilatation, and stent implantation have all proven effective in the treatment of moderate or severe obstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the complications of COA stenting angioplasty in pediatric patients. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on patients less than 20 years of age who underwent aortic stenting angioplasty because of congenital COA in the pediatric catheterization laboratory of Rajaie cardiovascular, medical and research Center, Tehran between 2005 and 2010. Results: A total of 26 patients (18 [65.4%] males and 9 [34.6%] females) with congenital COA who had undergone aortic stenting angioplasty were recruited. Nineteen (73.1%) of these patients had native COA and 7 (26.9%) had recurrent COA. Most of the early complications were minor and temporary; only one patient developed early major complications. During the follow-up, whereas none of the native group patients developed late complications, in the re-COA group 28.57% of the patients had re-stenosis and 14.28% had chronic systemic hypertension, requiring drug therapy. Conclusion: Our investigation into post-stenting complications in patients with native COA and re-COA showed that endovascular stenting could be an effective and safe method, even in young patients with native COA. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/226 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/226/224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 206 210 EASE European Association of Science Editors European Association of Science Editors 2015 10 03 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/227 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/227/225

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 211 213 Prashant Vaijyanath Frontier-lifeline, Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation, Chennai, India. Lavanya Sekar Frontier-lifeline, Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation, Chennai, India. Mary Smitha Thomas Frontier-lifeline, Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation, Chennai, India. 2015 10 03 A strategy employing moderate hypothermia for the replacement of the aortic arch is proposed to avoid the complications of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. Two patients underwent the complete replacement of the aortic arch using three pumps - for the brain, thoracoabdominal aorta, and heart, respectively. There were no complications and the patients were extubated uneventfully. The method preserved the auto-regulation of the cerebral blood flow without high vascular resistance. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/228 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/228/226

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 6 4 2011 12 15 214 216 Zahra Alizadeh-Sani Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shabnam Madadi Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anita Sadeghpour Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Khajali Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pedram Golnari Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Kiavar Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that affects both children and adults. Since the clinical manifestations are not sufficient to establish diagnosis, echocardiography is the diagnostic tool that makes it possible to document ventricular non-compaction and establish prognostic factors. We report a 47-year-old woman with a history of dilated cardiomyopathy with unknown etiology. Echocardiography showed mild left ventricular enlargement with severe systolic dysfunction (EF = 20-25%). According to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings non-compaction left ventricle with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was considered, and right ventricular septal biopsy was recommended. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy showed moderate hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes with foci of myocytolysis and moderate interstitial fibrosis. No evidence of infiltrative deposition was seen. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/j Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Gholamreza Omrani Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 Left ventricular free wall rupture is responsible for up to 10% of in-hospital deaths following myocardial infarction. It is mainly associated with posterolateral myocardial infarction, and its antemortem diagnosis is rarely made. One of the medical complications of myocardial infarction is the rupture of the free wall, which occurs more frequently in the anterolateral wall in hypertensives, women, and those with relatively large transmural myocardial infarction usually 1-4 days after myocardial infarction. We herein present the case of a 66-year-old man suffering inferior wall myocardial infarction with abrupt hemodynamic decompensation 9 days after myocardial infarction. Emergent transthoracic echocardiography revealed massive pericardial effusion with tamponade, containing a large elongated mass measuring 1 × 8cm suggestive of hematoma secondary to cardiac rupture. In urgent cardiac surgery, the posterior wall between the left coronary artery branches was ruptured. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/160 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/160/158

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 5 1 2010 01 15 39 41 Ali Dabbagh Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medicine (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. Manuchehr Hekmat Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medicine (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. Arash Ghanavati Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medicine (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. Abdolrahim Ghasemi Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medicine (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 03 A 4-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital following an unsuccessful attempt at interventional repair of aortic coarctation via the right carotid artery, which seemed to have given rise to the formation and growth of a cervical mass overlying the entry site. Despite the initial anticipation of difficulty during intubation due to the pressure effect of the mass, anesthesia progressed uneventfully, th