Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 1 5 EN Hilman Amin Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Siska Danny Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Heart failure (HF) is still a major problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. The recently developed medication for HF is still incapable of reducing its morbidity and mortality, and clinical data supporting the efficacy and safety of its mainstay therapy remain insufficient. Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays important roles in circulatory and water homeostasis, one of which is water retention through the V2 receptor. In patients with HF, there is an increased level of AVP, contributing to such symptoms as edema, dyspnea, and congestion. Tolvaptan as a selective V2 receptor antagonist, in addition to the conventional therapy, has been shown to cause an increase in net fluid loss, a decrease in body weight, and a reduction in the rate of HF exacerbation. Such evidence has been provided by the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist (ACTIV) in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan (EVEREST), Acute Heart Failure Volume Control Multicenter Randomized (AVCMA), and Study of Ascending Levels of Tolvaptan in hyponatremia 1and 2 (SALT-1 and SALT-2) trials. Tolvaptan can be an alternative diuretic in conjunction with other standard therapies for HF and has already been proved to be able to decrease morbidity and mortality, especially in HF patients with hyponatremia. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/508 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/508/406

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 6 10 EN Mehrdad Salehi Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Bakhshandeh Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrzad Rahmanian Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kianoosh Saberi Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Kahrom Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Keivan Sobhanian Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: The prevalence of patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is increasing. Preoperative LVD is an established risk factor for early and late mortality after revascularization. The aim of the present study was to assess the early outcome of patients with severe LVD undergoing CABG. Methods: Between December 2012 and November 2014, 145 consecutive patients with severely impaired LV function (ejection fraction ≤ 30%) undergoing either on-pump or off-pump CABG were enrolled. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Different variables (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) were evaluated and compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years (range, 34 to 87 years), and 82.8% of the patients were male. The mean preoperative LV ejection fraction was 25.33 ± 5.07% (10 to 30%), which improved to 26.67 ± 5.38% (10 to 40%) (p value < 0.001). An average of 3.85 coronary bypass grafts per patient was performed. Significant improvement in mitral regurgitation was also observed after CABG (p value < 0.001). Moreover, 120 patients underwent conventional CABG (82.8%) and 25 patients had off-pump CABG (17.2%). In-hospital mortality was 2.1% (3 patients). Patients who underwent off-pump CABG had higher operative mortality than did those undergoing conventional CABG despite a lower severity of coronary involvement and a significantly lower number of grafts (p value < 0.050). Conversely, morbidity was significantly higher in conventional CABG (p value < 0.050). Conclusion: CABG in patients with severe LVD can be performed with low mortality. CABG can be considered a safe and effective therapy for patients with a low ejection fraction who have ischemic heart disease and predominance of tissue viability. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/509 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/509/407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 11 14 EN Seyed Hashem Sezavar Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shokoufeh Hajsadeghi Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maral Hejrati Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mir Farhad Ghaleh Bandi Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Sleep apnea is accompanied by some cardiovascular complications. It has even been hypothesized that sleep apnea, itself, can induce some of these complications. Given such controversies, we assessed the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure in patients with sleep apnea. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 56 patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were included in the present descriptive cross-sectional study. Patients with any past history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were excluded. The apnea severity was assessed via the polysomnography-derived apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). All the patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography. In this cross-sectional study - data regarding age, gender, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, polysomnographic parameters (AHI, severity of disease, mean heart rate, mean oxygen saturation [SaO2], lowest SaO2, and duration of SaO2 below 90% [d.SaO2 < 90%]), and  echocardiographic parameters (systolic pulmonary artery pressure and LVMI) were accumulated and processed. Results: Fifty-two men and 14 women at a mean age of 49.29 ± 11.79 years participated in this study. Systolic and was significantly high in the severe group compared with the mild group (128.21 ± 9.73 mmHg vs. 119.23 ± 12.5 mmHg; p value = 0.007). The LVMI was increased parallel to an increase in the severity of the OSAS, but that increase was not statistically significant (p value = 0.161). The d.SaO2 < 90% was positively correlated with the LVMI, and this relationship remained true after adjustment for the body mass index (r = 0.27; p value = 0.042). Conclusion: Severe OSAS was accompanied by a higher blood pressure. The LVMI did not differ significantly between the patients with the OSAS and those who did not suffer from other risk factors of cardiac diseases. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/510 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/510/408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 15 20 EN Fatemeh Taheri Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Toba Kazemi Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Bita Bijari Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Kokab Namakin Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Mahmoud Zardast Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Tayyebeh Chahkandi Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Various studies have indicated that dyslipidemia starts in childhood. There is a relationship between the concentration of blood lipids and atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of dyslipidemia in elementary school children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1,626 (882 girls and 744 boys) elementary school children aged between 6 and 11 years in Birjand in 2012. Samples were selected through multistage random sampling. The lipid profiles (i.e., cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) of the subjects were measured after 12 hours’ fasting. The definition of dyslipidemia was based on the criteria of The American Children Academia in 2011.   Results: Dyslipidemia (at least one abnormal level of a serum lipid) was detected in 31% of the children (31.3% of the girls vs. 30.6% of the boys). Total cholesterol was ≥ 200 mg/dL in 13.4% of the children, LDL-C was ≥ 130 mg/dL in 8.5%, HDL-C was < 40 mg/dL in 11.3%, and triglyceride was ≥ 130 mg/dL in 15.3%. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in the females than in the males (16.3% in the girls vs. 13.8% in the boys; p value = 0.01) - while hypercholesterolemia (12.2% in the girls vs. 14.9% in the boys; p value = 0.16), high LDL-C (8.5% in the girls vs. 8.5% in the boys; p value = 0.05), and low HDL-C (12.7% in the girls vs. 9.5% in the boys; p value = 0.1) were not significantly different between the two sexes. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high in the school children in Birjand and, thus, requires preventive measures.  https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/511 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/511/409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 21 29 EN Sara Nejatinamini Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Asal Ataie-Jafari Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Anoosheh Ghasemian Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Roya Kelishadi Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Alireza Khajavi Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Kasaeian Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shirin Djalalinia Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fahad Saqib Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Somayye Majidi Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Roxana Abdolmaleki Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Mehrnaz Hosseini Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Asayesh Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Mostafa Qorbani Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Dietary risk factors constitute some of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Iran. The current study reports the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to a low omega-3 fatty acids intake in Iran using the data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2010. Methods: We used data on Iran for the years 1990, 2005, and 2010 derived from the GBD Study conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in 2010. Using the comparative risk assessment, we calculated the proportion of death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by IHD attributable to a low omega-3 fatty acids intake in the GBD studies from 1990 to 2010. Results: In 1990, a dietary pattern low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids intake was responsible for 423 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 300 to 559), 3000 (95% UI, 2182 to 3840), and 4743 (95% UI, 3280 to 6047) DALYs per 100000 persons in the age groups of 15 to 49 years, 50 to 69 years, and 70+ years — respectively — in both sexes.  The DALY rates decreased to 250 (95% UI, 172 to 331), 2078 (95% UI, 1446 to 2729), and 3911 (95% UI, 2736 to 5142) in 2010. The death rates per 100000 persons in the mentioned age groups were 9 (95% UI, 6 to 12), 113 (95% UI, 82 to 144), and 366 (95% UI, 255 to 469) in 1990 versus 6 (95% UI, 4 to 7), 76 (95% UI, 53 to 99), and 344 (95% UI, 241 to 453) in 2010. The burden of IHD attributable to diet low in seafood omega-3 was 1.3% (95% UI, 0.97 to 1.7) of the total DALYs in 1990 and 2.0% (95% UI, 1.45 to 2.63) in 2010 for Iran. Conclusion: The findings of the GBD Study 2010 showed a declining trend in the burden of IHD attributable to a low omega-3 fatty acids intake in a period of 20 years. Additional disease burden studies at national and sub-national levels in Iran using more data sources are suggested for public health priorities and planning public health strategies. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/512 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/512/410

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 30 33 EN Panagiotis Artemiou University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosice, Slovakia. Stefan Lukacin University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosice, Slovakia. Peter Kirsch University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kosice, Slovakia. Jan Ignac University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kosice, Slovakia. Boris Bily University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosice, Slovakia. Alzbeta Tohatyova University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Children’s Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia. Miroslava Bilecova-Rabajdova University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kosice, Slovakia. Frantisek Sabol University of P. J. Safarik, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosice, Slovakia. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Iatrogenic dissections of the ascending aorta are an uncommon and severe complication during cardiac catheterization. A 68-year-old female patient underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization due to non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. During the procedure, a catheter-induced 360• Class I dissection of the right coronary artery occurred. The patient developed severe bradycardia, which was treated with a temporary pacemaker. She underwent an emergency operation with ligation and a saphenous vein graft in the right coronary artery. The postoperative course was uneventful; and on postoperative day 6, she was discharged home. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/513 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/513/411

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 34 37 EN Maryam Nabati Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Babak Bagheri Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Samira Eslami Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Razhan Piran Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Dissection of the sinus of Valsalva is a rare and life-threatening event. It often occurs during percutaneous coronary intervention in the right coronary artery (RCA). Dissection flap usually involves the RCA and the right sinus of Valsalva. Here we report two extremely rare cases of spontaneous dissection limited to the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva, causing severe aortic valve regurgitation: a male aged 51 years presenting with back pain, weakness, and presyncope and another male aged 71 years presenting with orthopnea and weakness. The dissection was found by transesophageal echocardiography. Surgical treatment was successful for both patients. One year after surgery, both patients were asymptomatic and follow- up transthoracic echocardiography did not show any abnormality. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/514 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/514/412

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 38 40 EN Pınar Türker Duyuler Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Serkan Duyuler Acibadem Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Ekrem Şahan Atatürk Chest Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Şeref Alp Küçüker Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, Rize, Turkey. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Acute fulminant myocarditis is a life-threatening inflammatory disease of the myocardium characterized by the rapid deterioration of the hemodynamic status of the affected individual. With prompt recognition and appropriate management, complete recovery of ventricular function is likely within a few weeks. We introduce a 28-year-old man with acute fulminant myocarditis, who experienced circulatory collapse following acute angina and dyspnea. The patient had high troponin levels with low ejection fraction and normal coronary arteries. He was successfully bridged to recovery with a left ventricular assist device but was complicated by flail mitral valve. Perioperative myocardial biopsy was also compatible with myocarditis.  At 4 months’ follow-up, the patient was stable with functional capacity I according to the New York Heart Association’s classification. A possible mechanism for this very rare complication is the rupture of the chordal structure secondary to the fragility of an inflamed subvalvular apparatus stretched by a recovered ventricle. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/515 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/515/413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 41 45 EN Hossein Doustkami Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Nasrollah Maleki Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Zahra Tavosi Khalije Fars Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Aneurysms of the left main coronary artery are exceedingly rare clinical entities, encountered incidentally in approximately 0.1% of patients who undergo routine angiography. The most common cause of coronary artery aneurysms is atherosclerosis. Angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment. Depending on the severity of the coexisting coronary stenosis, patients with left main coronary artery aneurysms can be effectively managed either surgically or pharmacologically. We herein report a case of left main coronary artery aneurysm in a 72-year-old man with a prior history of hypertension presenting to our hospital because of unstable angina. The electrocardiogram showed ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion in the precordial leads. All the data of blood chemistry were normal. Echocardiography showed akinetic anterior wall, septum, and apex, mild mitral regurgitation and ejection fraction of 45%. Coronary angiography revealed a saccular aneurysm of the left main coronary artery with significant stenosis in the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary artery. The patient immediately underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and ligation of the aneurysm. At six months’ follow-up, he remained asymptomatic. https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/516 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/516/414

Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 11 1 2016 07 04 46 47 EN Ali Hosseinsabet Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 - https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/518 https://rhythm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/518/422